Surgery of wild animals that need to be returned to the wild demands the highest levels of surgical expertise, as animals have to be 100% fit to survive in the wild, to avoid predators, and to find sufficient food.
Unfortunately, in many cases the wildlife surgical expertise and equipment available in many developing countries wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centres is low, simply due to a lack of training, experience, and resources. This can result in crippled animals in chronic pain, that stay in small cages in captivity for the rest of their lives, rather than being rehabilitated and returned to the wild.